Brilio.net - Types of pollination based on the origin of pollen
Pollination is an important process in the reproduction of flowering plants. This process involves the transfer of pollen from the anther (male part) to the stigma (female part) of the flower. Based on the origin of the pollen, pollination can be divided into several types. This article will discuss the types of pollination based on the origin of the pollen in detail.
Self-pollination or autogamy is a type of pollination in which pollen comes from the same flower or another flower on the same plant. This pollination often occurs in plants that have hermaphrodite flowers, namely flowers that have male and female organs in one flower. Examples of plants that experience self-pollination are rice, wheat, and beans.
Self-pollination has several advantages, such as ensuring that plants can reproduce even in the absence of external pollinators. However, self-pollination also has disadvantages, namely reducing genetic variation which can make plants more susceptible to disease and environmental changes.
Neighbor pollination (Geitonogamy)Neighbor pollination or geitonogamy is a type of pollination in which pollen comes from another flower on the same plant. Even though the pollen comes from a different flower, this pollination is still considered self-pollination because the pollen and ovule come from the same plant. Examples of plants that experience neighbor pollination are corn and some types of orchids.
Neighbor pollination can increase genetic variation compared to self pollination, but remains lower than cross pollination. It also helps in ensuring that plants can reproduce even when external pollinators are not available.
Cross-pollination (Allogamy)Cross-pollination or allogamy is a type of pollination in which pollen comes from flowers on different plants. This pollination often occurs with the help of external pollinators such as wind, water, insects, birds, or other animals. Examples of plants that experience cross-pollination are apples, grapes, and many other flowering plants.
Cross-pollination has many advantages, including increasing genetic variation that can make plants more resistant to disease and environmental changes. However, it also has disadvantages, such as relying on external pollinators that may not always be available.
Hybridization (hybridization)Hybridization is a type of pollination in which pollen comes from flowers of different species or varieties of plants. It is often used in agriculture and horticulture to produce hybrid plants that have superior traits from both parents.
Examples of plants that frequently experience hybrid pollination are hybrid corn and various types of hybrid flowers.
Hybrid pollination can produce plants with superior traits such as disease resistance, higher yields, and better fruit quality. However, it also requires special techniques and knowledge to ensure success.
Artificial pollination is a type of pollination in which pollen is manually transferred by humans. This type of pollination is often used in scientific research, plant breeding, and seed production. Examples of plants that often undergo artificial pollination are plants that are difficult to pollinate naturally, such as vanilla and some types of orchids.
Artificial pollination allows complete control over the pollination process and can be used to produce plants with specific traits. However, it also requires more time and effort than natural pollination.
Types of pollination based on the origin of pollen include self-pollination, neighbor pollination, cross-pollination, hybrid pollination, and artificial pollination. Each type of pollination has its own advantages and disadvantages, as well as an important role in plant reproduction and plant breeding. Understanding these different types of pollination can help optimize crop production and maintain plant genetic diversity.
By understanding the types of pollination based on the origin of pollen, appropriate steps can be taken to increase agricultural yields and maintain the sustainability of the ecosystem. This knowledge is also important in plant conservation efforts and the development of new, superior plant varieties.
(brl/red)
