Brilio.net - Taklifi law is one of the categories in Islamic law that relates to the obligations and prohibitions given to mukallaf, namely people who have fulfilled the requirements of the burden of sharia. This law functions to determine what actions must, may, or are prohibited from being carried out by a Muslim. In the science of fiqh, taklifi law is divided into several types, each of which has different consequences and impacts on religious life.
This article will explain the various types of taklifi laws along with their explanations, so that readers can understand more clearly how these sharia rules are applied in everyday life.
1. Obligatory (Fardhu)
The first taklifi law is obligatory or fardhu, which means something that must be done by a Muslim. This obligation has the consequence of reward if done and sin if left. Obligations are divided into two main categories, namely wajib 'ain and wajib kifayah:
- Wajib 'ain : This obligation must be carried out by every individual Muslim, such as praying five times a day, fasting in the month of Ramadan, and zakat. Every Muslim who has achieved the conditions formukallaf is obliged to carry out these practices without exception.
- Wajib kifayah : This obligation does not have to be carried out by every individual Muslim, but is sufficient for some Muslims to carry out. An example is the funeral prayer. If some people have done it, the obligation is waived for the others.
Example:
- Performing the five daily prayers is an example of an obligatory duty that must be carried out by every Muslim who has reached puberty and is of sound mind.
- Taking care of the corpse and praying for it is an example of an obligation of kifayah. If someone does it, this obligation is no longer imposed on other Muslims.
2. Sunnah (Mandub/ mustahab)
Sunnah or mandub is a law that means it is recommended to be done, but not required. If someone carries out the sunnah, he will get a reward, but if left out, he will not get a sin. This sunnah is divided into several levels, depending on how strong the recommendation to do it is.
- Sunnah mu'akkadah : Sunnah that is highly recommended and almost obligatory, such as the sunnah tawaib prayer (prayer before or after the obligatory prayer).
- Sunnah ghair mu'akkadah : Sunnah that is not emphasized too much, such as dhuha prayer or alms other than zakat.
Example:
- Performing sunnah prayers before obligatory prayers is a highly recommended sunnah mu'akkadah.
- Reading the Qur'an every day is a recommended sunnah, but it is not a sin if it is not done.
3. Haram
Haram is a taklifi law that indicates something that is expressly prohibited by Islamic law. Doing something haram will bring sin, while leaving it will bring reward. Haram actions include everything that is clearly stated in the Qur'an and hadith as prohibited actions.
This prohibition is absolute, meaning that a person cannot violate things that are prohibited by the Shari'a. For example, drinking alcohol and committing adultery are examples of actions that are clearly forbidden in Islam.
Example:
- Drinking khamr (liquor) : It is forbidden in Islam and people who do it will incur a big sin.
- Adultery : It is also a prohibited act with the threat of severe punishment in this world and the hereafter.
4. Makruh
Makruh is a law that means something that is better left, but is not sinful if done. If someone avoids a makruh act, he will get a reward, but if he does it, he will not get a sin. However, in some situations, avoiding things that are makruh can increase piety and keep someone from doing worse deeds.
Examples of makruh actions are often related to manners or ethics in worship and daily interactions.
Example:
- Blowing on hot food or drinks before consuming them is makruh, although it is not sinful, it is better to avoid it.
- Talking while performing ablution is also considered makruh, but if done it will not result in sin.
5. Permissible
Mubah is a law that stipulates that an act may be done or not done without any consequences of reward or sin. Acts that fall into the category of mubah are those that do not have specific sharia demands, so the decision to do them or not depends on personal needs or desires.
However, although mubah means permissible, the law of the action can change depending on the intention and situation. For example, eating is mubah, but if it is done with the intention of maintaining health in order to worship better, then eating can bring rewards.
Example:
- Eating and drinking are permissible acts in Islam.
- Walking in public places is also included in the category of permissible, because there is no specific recommendation or prohibition to do so.
Taklifi laws play an important role in guiding Muslims to live their lives according to the Shari'a. These laws help determine what actions should be done, encouraged, prohibited, or allowed. The various types of taklifi laws include wajib, sunnah, haram, makruh, and mubah, each of which has certain consequences in terms of rewards and sins.
- Mandatory : Must be done and if left out it will be a sin.
- Sunnah : It is recommended, if you do it you will be rewarded, if you leave it you will not be guilty.
- Haram : Forbidden and if done will result in sin.
- Makruh : It is best to abandon it, but if it is done it is not a sin.
- Mubah : May or may not be done without consequences of sin or reward.
Understanding these types of laws will help Muslims to be more careful in living their daily lives, so that they can carry out Allah's commands better and avoid prohibited acts.