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Islamic law is a guide to life for Muslims, which regulates all aspects of life based on the Qur'an and Hadith. There are seven general principles of Islamic law that serve as guidelines in implementing sharia. Let us discuss further about these seven principles which include monotheism, justice, amar ma'ruf nahi munkar, freedom, equality, mutual assistance, and tolerance.
1. The principle of monotheism
The first and most fundamental principle of the general principles of Islamic law is tawhid, which is the belief in the Oneness of Allah. Tawhid emphasizes that only Allah has the right to be worshipped and obeyed. This principle is the foundation of all Islamic teachings and laws. All actions and decisions taken in Islamic law must be based on the oneness of Allah, making it the center of all activities in the lives of Muslims.
2. The principle of justice
Justice is the second principle of the general principles of Islamic law. Islam places great emphasis on the importance of upholding justice in all aspects of life. Justice means giving rights to those who are entitled, regardless of social, economic, or other status. Islamic law aims to create balance and ensure that every individual is treated fairly according to the Shari'a.
3. The principle of amar ma'ruf nahi evil
Amar ma'ruf nahi munkar is a principle that means encouraging good deeds (amar ma'ruf) and preventing bad deeds (nahi munkar). This principle is the basis for enforcing laws and regulations in Islam. Islamic law aims to promote good and prevent evil, both at the individual and societal level. In everyday life, this principle encourages every Muslim to play an active role in improving themselves and their environment.
4. The principle of independence
The principle of freedom emphasizes that every individual has the right to freely choose his or her path in life, as long as the choice does not conflict with Islamic law. Islam recognizes freedom of thought, opinion, and religion, on the condition that such freedom does not harm others or violate God's law. Thus, this principle guarantees that every person has the right to determine his or her own destiny.
5. Principle of equality
The principle of equality in Islamic law affirms that all humans are equal before God. There is no distinction between race, color, language, or social status in the enforcement of Islamic law. This principle ensures that everyone has the same right to be treated fairly and with dignity, without discrimination. This equality also includes equal opportunities to worship, work, and contribute to society.
6. The principle of mutual assistance
Mutual assistance or solidarity is an important principle in Islamic law. This principle encourages Muslims to help each other, support each other, and work together in goodness. In the legal context, the principle of mutual assistance means helping those in need, supporting justice, and preventing evil. Thus, this principle strengthens the sense of brotherhood and togetherness among Muslims.
7. The principle of tolerance
Tolerance is a principle that emphasizes the importance of respecting differences and respecting the rights of others. Islam teaches its followers to be tolerant of differences in beliefs, opinions, and cultures, as long as they do not violate Islamic law. This principle is especially relevant in a diverse society, where it is important to live together peacefully and respect differences.
These seven general principles of Islamic law provide a complete guide for Muslims in their daily lives. From monotheism to tolerance, these principles help shape a strong, just, and compassionate character.