Brilio.net - Diabetes has become a real threat to health. According to the World Health Organization or WHO, around 422 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes. Meanwhile, deaths caused by diabetes are 1.5 million every year. There are various types of diabetes, one of which is diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease or chronic metabolic disorder with multiple etiologies, characterized by high blood sugar levels accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism as a result of insulin function insufficiency. In fact, the term diabetes mellitus is more often used medically and generally to refer to the sufferer's condition. The language 'melitus' literally comes from Greek which means 'sweet' which refers to the increase in sugar levels in the blood and urine in sufferers.
Reporting from ditpui.ugm.ac.id, diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic diseases that causes the highest number of deaths in Indonesia. According to data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, diabetes is the disease that causes the 3rd highest number of deaths in Indonesia in 2019, namely around 57.42 deaths per 100,000 population.
From the explanation above, it can be concluded that diabetes mellitus is a serious threat to health. For this reason, you must know more deeply about the causes, types and symptoms caused by diabetes mellitus, which brilio.net has collected from various sources, Monday (22/7) to avoid diabetes mellitus.
Causes of diabetes mellitus (DM)
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is caused by several factors that can influence how the body regulates glucose (sugar) levels in the blood. The main causes of diabetes mellitus are as follows:
1. Insulin resistance
Type 2 diabetes mellitus generally occurs because the body cannot use insulin effectively (insulin resistance) or does not produce enough insulin to meet the body's needs. Insulin is needed to move glucose from the blood into the body's cells to be used as energy. When insulin resistance occurs, the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, causing an increase in glucose levels in the blood.
2. Damage to pancreatic beta cells
In type 1 diabetes, this condition occurs because the body's immune system attacks and destroys the pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin. As a result, the body cannot produce enough insulin to regulate blood glucose levels.
3. Genetic factors
There are genetic factors that can increase a person's risk of developing diabetes mellitus, especially type 1 and type 2 diabetes. If there is a family history of diabetes, a person's risk of developing this condition can be higher.
4. Lifestyle and diet
An unhealthy lifestyle, including a diet high in sugar and fat, and a lack of physical activity, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Being overweight or obese is also a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
Types of diabetes mellitus (DM)
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Types of diabetes mellitus can be classified into several types. You can find out by listening to the following discussions:
1. Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus or Type 1 DM is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys the pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin. As a result, the body produces little or no insulin. It is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, but can occur at any age. Patients with Type 1 DM require lifelong insulin to survive.
2. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a type of diabetes that is often suffered or is common. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), this type of diabetes accounts for approximately 90-95 percent of all diabetes cases. Type 2 DM causes the body to become resistant to insulin or not produce enough insulin. Type 2 DM is often associated with obesity, lack of physical activity, and genetic factors. It usually develops in adults, but is increasingly found in children and adolescents.
3. Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy in women who have not previously had diabetes. Pregnancy hormones can cause insulin resistance, resulting in high blood sugar levels. Although it usually improves after giving birth, women with gestational diabetes have a higher risk of developing Type 2 DM later in life.
Symptoms of diabetes mellitus (DM)
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Symptoms of diabetes mellitus (DM) vary depending on the type and a person's level of blood sugar control. The symptoms that diabetes mellitus can cause are as follows:
- Main symptoms
- Frequent Urination (Polyuria)
- Get Hungry Quickly (Polyphagia)
- Frequent Thirst (Polydipsia)
Other symptoms include diabetes mellitus (DM).
- Rapid weight loss without apparent cause
- Boils that come and go
- Tingling
- Itching in the female genital area
- Blurred vision
- Get tired quickly
- Vaginal discharge in women
- Wounds are difficult to heal
- Gets sleepy easily
- Impotence in men.